Whitmans Masculinity and Femininity in Song of Myself Essays

Whitmans Masculinity and Femininity in Song of Myself Essays Whitmans Masculinity and Femininity in Song of Myself Paper Whitmans Masculinity and Femininity in Song of Myself Paper Essay Topic: Leaves Of Grass Poetry The Poetry of Dh Lawrence All Whitmans poems, not merely the Children of Adam poems and the Calamus poems, are love poems of blatant sexuality and amativeness, which was frightening to some of those who read and liked him and was a real bugbear to those who charged him with writing filthi without bothering to read them. However, sex, this rejuvenation or rebirth or new life is taken by Whitman as a proof of the affirmative and ascending nature of Gods world and of humanity itself. Sex is not something debasing or something to be whispered about behind the hand, but deserving the highest celebration. In Song of Myself, masculinity and femininity, the two components of sex, are chanted by Whitman; and whats further, Whitman brings together these two seemingly polar opposites and synthesizes them to form a new wholeness at a higher level where he unlocks his own inner reality and truth. As a start, it is essential to list some of the apparently opposite concepts that are such an integral part of all the poetry of Whitman. Group 1: arrogant, activity, day, sun, life, body and adhesiveness; group 2: docility, passivity, night, moon, death, soul and amativeness. All of the words in group 1 relate to masculinity and those in group 2 to femininity. Strangely, the words in the two groups are not opposite at all in Whitmans poetry, as they would be with most poets; instead, they are dual aspects of a new cosmic self. Whitman is attracted to energy-drawn by its glorious, magnetic charge, which is evidenced in all his poetry. Since reproduction is the prime energizing force in the universe, it would be impossible for Whitman to neglect its power. In Song of Myself, masculinity is explicitly depicted: it was the sweating, muscular laborers, not the pale bank clerk that hold Whitmans attention and love. He sings for the carpenter, the pilot, the blacksmith; sings for their strong arms, grimy and heavy chest and their sexual bodies. As well, masculine heroism can find its great expression in Song of Myself: Whitman imagines himself as a mashed fireman, exhausted but not so unhappy; as old artillerist against the attacking cannons, mortars, and howitzers. And further research will reveal that, all these masculine and aggressive elements within Whitmans descriptions relate to Whitmans own image. It was Whitman himself in his unsigned review of Leaves of Grass who depicted its author as one of the roughs, large, proud, affectionate, eating, drinking, and breeding. Clearly, in all these masculinities, there was always a bit of dandy in Whitman and a rather formidable streak of Narcissismiii. Actually, Whitman was in love with the masculine image of himself; and it is the feminine elements of his being, at the very core of his making-up, hold this love. Moreover, penetrating into these masculine physique and vitality, it exposes that Whitmans inner nature is primarily passive and feminine, which might explain why he becomes ecstatic when he describes the masculinity of energetic men, typically, in Section 12 of Song of Myself where the poet is describing the blacksmiths: The lithe sheer of their waists plays even with their massive arms. Besides the firm masculinity and heroism, there are also many instances in Song of Myself where Whitman tends to view himself as Christ. In section 10, the poet is sheltering a run-away slave and showing his democratic (Christ like) brotherly love: Though the swung half-door of the kitchen I saw him limps and weak,/And went where he sat on a log, and led him in and assured him,/ And brought water and filled a tub for his sweated body and bruised feet /I had him sit next to me at table-my firelock leaned in his corner. In section 48, he declares, In the faces of men and women, I see God, and in my own face in the glass. Whereas Christ was masculine in his courage, in his rebellion against the established order, and in his stoical attitude at his crucifixion, Whitman is also feminine in his passive humility, in his tender compassion and love for others and in his ability to calm and to take care of others. A third expression of masculinity is his boastful tone and his masculine outflo w of his innermost feeling. When Whitman speaks in Song of Myself as the cosmic I, as distinct from the personal I, he seldom writes, I said or I think or I state. Like Emerson, he does not qualify and hedge in his statements. He asserts. Few poets who have written in the English language have used the active, concrete verbs with such boldness and artistic excellence. The assertions of Whitman are far too grandiose to be contained by the standard verse forms of his day or to be restrained by rhyme or regular meter. And because Whitman is a spontaneous me rather than an intellectualized me, he must sing, or chant, or carol, as he rises and falls from peaks of ecstasy. His message is not intellectual; it is anti-intellectual; it is not moral; it flows beyond and beneath morality into a beautiful and loving amorality. It springs from a feeling, a fusion, and an accompanying certitude that is at the very core of his being. It is made possible because he is the reconciler of apparent opposites (masculinity and femininity), which are, when properly understood, not opposite at all. iv Therefore, in this stage, it is safe to conclude that, behind all the masculinities he chants in his muscularly assertive tone, Whitmans inner nature is primarily passive and feminine. Because He is an absorber, who receives and accepts all into himself. He is a Cosmic Eye who searches out and seizes all, a Cosmic Sponge who absorbs and contains all. v And after the process of absorption, the poet becomes a translator, I wish I could translate the hints about the dead young men and women. What occurs in Whitmans translation is that he accepts the peculiar and concrete as symbolic or representative-a gigantic beauty of a stallion-and then quickly fuses the particular into a cosmic view where it is elevated and submerged in deeper meanings far beyond its own limitations. vi While the masculine elements Whitman extols, explores and glorifies in Song of Myself is in a variety of its implications-firm muscularity, heroism, and the democratic (Christ like) concept of brotherly love, femininity in this poem is of a very special kind. Women of the ultra feminine, dainty and charming type are totally absent in Whitmans verse. Instead, women in Whitmans poetry are glorified for their masculine strength rather than their feminine delicacy; they are mostly down-trodden and among the laboring classes: females he sings for in Song of Myself are the prostitute draggling her shawl, her bonnet bobs on her tipsy and pimpled neck. and the clean-haired Yankee girl working with her sewing-machine, or in the factory or mill. Another female image in Whitmans poetry is mothers and mothers of mothers. Whitman obviously has an enduring and tremendous respect and praise for them. His deification of motherhood is apparently in section 21 of Song of Myself, And I say there is nothing greater than the mother of men. This veneration for motherhood is understandable, because Whitman owns warm feelings for his own mother and motherhood is the visible evidence of procreation-the force that is vital to life and to his poetry. Such unordinary femininity, for one reason, may be a result of Whitmans widely known homosexuality: as is deduced from his relationships with Sergeant Thomas P. Sawyer and Peter Doyle, Whitman was homosexual and played a passive and dependent role in his unusual instances. Thus, torn apart by these deeply felt emotional attachments, Whitman always appreciates the masculinity of women and is naturally afraid of these very feminine women, because they are rivals for his subconscious love objects. However, a further examination within a wider social background will show Whitmans homosexuality is only a superficial reason for this particular femininity. The decades of the 1850s was the most creative period in Whitmans life and it was also the highlights of the national movement of womens rights. Whitman felt great sympathy, affection, and admiration for the feminists, such as Chilton and Menken; he encouraged them to struggle for womens equal rights to men. Thus, it can be understood that, by depicting women in such a masculine image, Whitman, does not mean to represent them as D. W. Lawrence commented on Leaves of Grasses: muscles and wombs, they need not have had face at all; rather, it is a cosmic or leveling effect Whitman achieves by not making distinction; the masculine image of women actually is a reference which holds the women just as great as the men; and the mother the melodious character of the earth, the finish beyond which philosophy cannot go and does not wish to go. vii To sum up, in Song of Myself, Whitman deals with both the active masculinity and passive femininity and unites them to unveil his cosmic self. The reason that this fusion, the wellspring of his poetry is so complete, so candid, and so persistently exciting is that both the passive (feminine) and the active (masculine) components were blended and united within Whitman. It was his total acceptance and emotional extension of his own identity, with his joyous pride in its inclusiveness that gave America the miraculous volume. In addition to the joining together of body and soul, it was a synthesis of the masculine and feminine within Whitman, which caused the mystical vision and inspired his poetry. viii His poetry can be viewed as a child of this blending; therefore, its rhythms are necessarily sexual, since the fusion itself is emotional, subjective, and sensual rather than logical. Therefore, only by accepting the fact that all things, while still retaining individual identity and dignity, are in a deeper sense symbolic representatives of the same things, and that all things contains not only themselves but their apparent op posites, can the reader lose and then find himself in full freedom of Whitmans cosmic version. Only when we realize that Whitman is not a conscious and deliberate rebel, nor a mere chauvinist, nor a naive optimist, nor a discursive egotist-only when we grasp the wholeness of man and his love and vision-can we finally learn to feel him aright. For Whitmans poetry ranges beyond all studies and analyses; it is to be read aloud, to be sensed, to be absorbed, to be fused with-just as the poet fused the diverse elements of life and the contending elements of his own personality, accepting them in such a way as to create the most remarkable volume of poetry in 19th century in America. Finally it is necessary to be clearly aware that there is really no duality of paradox or ambiguity or opposites in the representation of the various masculine and feminine elements in Whitmans poetry, which has been demonstrated in Song of Myself. Day-man-life is not really separated from night-woman-death. x They all merge to become a whole; all are of equal value; and all lead to new birth and a higher level of a Cosmic self. xi As Whitman himself affirms, Out of the dimness opposite equals advance, always substance and increase, always sex. Or again, the ultimate affirmation: All goes onward and outward, nothing collapses.

Scholarship Essay Contest at EssaySupply.com - Scholarship Essay Contest at EssaySupply.com - Cyberbullying Experience

Scholarship Essay Contest at - Cyberbullying Experience Our scholarship We are pleased to inform you that this year we launch a unique possibility to tell your own story and become a winner of a scholarship that will help you to get a better education. As a college writing service  we know the difficulty of essay writing that students often face, whether it is a timing problem or a lack of motivation. As well as we know the importance of educational process essentially. Dealing with essays, university papers and motivation letters for years, we have developed our own system that perfectly works for each of our customers. Every student who comes to us with the request â€Å"write my essay† always gets a professional assistance and high quality papers. Every year we look for more well-educated specialists to join our team. And this year we are not only looking, but helping to make a step forward to the dream you`ve had! Due to that we provide you with a hot topic theme that has been on all ears for some period of time – cyberbullying. If yo u have had a personal experience with this issue, share your tips to stop cyberbullying with the world and get a chance to win the main prize from Essay Supply – $1500. Who can participate: current university and college students, students of certificate programs or equivalent on the territory of the USA. High school students enrolling in 2017 can also apply. The must is to have your own experience with cyberbullying. Essay topic: My personal story about cyberbullying. Essay instruction: Must be performed in English language. Word count between 800 – 1,000+ words. Based on true life experience. Preferably must contain some tips of how to stop cyberbullying. Must not contain any offensive or harassing content. Must not contain real names (characters that are shown in the essay). Must be provided with the applicant`s full name and a valid e-mail address on a separate page. Contest award: 1500$ Selection process: After the closure of application acceptance period all the essays will be looked through by a jury consisting of professional editors and writers. All the respectable papers will be accepted for the main contest. The participants will be rated according to: Relevance to the contest`s topic Originality and plausibility of their essay Use of language (grammar, spelling, punctuation) Depth of content, examples, tips on cyberbullying. Application deadline: June 30, 2017 Winners will be selected and notified by: July 31, 2017 Send your essays to essysupply@gmail.com Note: Having submitted an essay the applicant transfers ownership rights to . It will become property of Essay Supply and will be protected by copyright laws. The essays cannot be copied, published, transmitted or in any other way exploited without written permission of the copyright holder or Essay Supply.

Technology & Students of Dyslexia Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Technology & Students of Dyslexia - Dissertation Example This report stresses that Interactive Metronome is one of the most commonly used programs accessed by the dyslexic students. Experts have regarded as one of the innovative and improved program among many others designed for helping dyslexic people with their disabilities and difficulties. Effective utilization of this program has indicated much betterment in focus and concentration, motor control, and body's coordination with the mind. The Interactive Metronome service providers administrates and supervise the dyslexic patients, this also includes extra efforts and endeavor to carry out at homes of the students. This paper makes a conclusion that usually graphical hints or clues also accompany the repeated impulses, as a result the child starts moving its hand or feet or toe in exactly the same rhythm as the automatically generated tone he hears. In this way, the processing speeds of child and responses gradually become fast and rapid using Interactive Metronome. Conclusively, the paper has discussed some of the significant aspects of technology and its role in the development of students diagnosed with dyslexia. The paper has identified and analyzed different studies related to the topic; however, it is anticipation that future researches in this regard will allow a more comprehensive and updated understanding of the impact. It is an expectation that the paper will be beneficial for students, teachers, and professionals in better understanding of the topic.

Development of the motorways and its impact on the society Essay

Development of the motorways and its impact on the society - Essay Example otorways were constructed to fit into a maze of road networks that link major parts of Britain by road and aid high speed transportation throughout the country. Roads are important components of the development of any nation. The Romans and Chinese Empires relied on roads, which became the bases for motorways almost two millenia after they were started (Needham & Gwei-Djen, 1962). Roads were really vital for each empire in history. In comparative studies, Needham & Gwei-Djen identified that the Aztec empire of Mexico collapsed rapidly because they did not have a network of roads. However, the longevity of the Chinese Empire and the development of European nations is strongly linked to the development of a sophisticated network of roads. 3. It enabled the trading activities of the empire to go on smoothly because it ensured that goods were moved from different points of the Roman empire with ease. This enabled the exchange of goods and ensured the fair development of different parts of the Roman empire over a sustained period of time. Although the Roman roads are quite archaic, it formed the basis for the development of motorways as we have them today. The roads in the Roman Empire started as primitive unpaved roads however, with the increase of traffic on certain roads, there was the need for the infrastructure to be improved to enable the easy movement of persons and goods (Van Tilburg, 2002). This gave way for the development of the paved road-system which is replicated in the construction of motorways (Van Tilburg, 2002). The paved road-system effectively increased the width of roads, supported the integration of engineering constructions like bridges, dams and tunnels into roads and laid the foundation for the development of infrastructure in the Middle Ages (Van Tilburg, 2002). These roads were used by individuals and animal-drawn carts. When cars became popular in the 1900s, there was the need to modify the old road systems to ensure that they could be

The Speckled Band Essay Example for Free

The Speckled Band Essay Physically, he is described as having a huge stature and a face marked with every kind of evil passion. He is a typical villain and a bully, who, as in all classic murder mysteries, comes to the nasty end, which he undoubtedly deserves. There are many other ways in which The Speckled Band is a perfect illustration of this genre. The character of Sherlock Holmes is very clever and logical, an imaginative genius. Like a classic detective, he is observant and thorough and has incredible powers of deduction. When the murdered womans sister, Helen Stoner, arrives to meet Holmes, he concludes simply from looking at a few splatters of mud on her left sleeve that she has come by dog cart, as well as train. Miss Stoner is taken aback by this observation yet cant help being impressed by the mans calm self-confidence. Throughout the story we never see Holmes suffer from fright, suggesting he is adventurous and courageous in his investigations. This is very typical as it adds suspense for the reader who never knows what frightful situations the great detective may find himself in. He is cultured and lives the life of a gentleman and bachelor; this is expressed in his elegant and precise speech. As far as we know, Sherlock Holmes shares no emotional ties and lives alone, satisfied with a life of wealth and solving crimes. We see from the way in which he doesnt ask Miss Stoner for a fee, other than expenses, that money is not the reason he has chosen this lifestyle. He shows great passion and commitment to his work, another classic trait of the murder mystery detective. As to reward, my profession is its own reward. He is also physically strong, as illustrated when he bends the poker stick back to its original position and remarks, I am not so bulky, but if he had remained I might have shown him that my grip was not much more feeble than his own. This kind of strength may not be so evident in modern-day detectives. Holmes is courteous and well mannered, even when being rude to his enemies. His speech is always very articulate, as in the scene where Dr Roylott visits his flat to give an aggressive warning, and Sherlock Holmes simply replies, Your conversation is most entertaining When you go out close the door, for there is a decided draught. Conan Doyles detective has become a prototype for classic murder mystery stories, someone whom readers can respect and admire. As already mentioned, much of the atmosphere of a murder mystery derives from how the writer sets the scene and describes the physical nature of the setting. The Speckled Band is certainly a good example of this. On the night of Julias murder the wind was howling outside and the rain was beating and splashing against the windows. This intensifies the mood already created by Miss Stoners early description of the old manor house with only one inhabited wing. This early impression of the Stoners ancestral house at Stoke Maron is reinforced when Holmes and Watson arrive at the mansion. The suspense builds up as it is gradually conveyed. Our first impression, from a distance, is of a heavily timbered park stretched up in a gentle slope, thickening into a grove at the highest point. From amid the branches there jutted out the gray gables and high roof-tree of a very old mansion. It is only on approaching the building of gray litchen-blotched stone and two curving wings, like the claws of a crab, that we become aware of its sinister nature. This helps to create tension. The picture of ruin described by Conan-Doyle supports the notion of Julias murder. The menacing images suggest there are more horrors to come. As the two enter the scene of the crime/bedroom that night, Holmes whispers gently into Watsons ear that the least sound would be fatal to their plans and they must sit awake in the darkened bedroom, or their lives may depend on it. We are then taken through the long hours in the absolute darkness, listening to every sound that echoes in the night, until the pitch black is suddenly sliced by a momentary gleam of light. At the same time there is a smell of burning and the silence is broken by a gentle hissing sound. Like the famous detective and his companion, all our senses are alert as we brace ourselves for some ghastly revelation. We are further held on tenterhooks by Holmess face, deadly pale and filled with horror and loathing, as he lashes out at some invisible foe. This is followed by a blood-curdling cry that carried all the way to the village, raised sleepers from their beds and struck cold in their hearts. Like all classic murder mysteries, the story has reached a thrilling climax, to be followed by the detectives explanation of events, here learned from the account that Holmes gives to Watson. The detective runs through the case, pointing to where he at first went wrong before demonstrating his remarkable powers of deduction. For example, he initially came to an entirely erroneous conclusion, showing how dangerous it always is to reason from insufficient data. This is followed by a detailed description of what actually happened. As classic detective, Holmes leaves the reader impressed by his skills and surprised by the truth that is eventually revealed. LUCIA REED Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Conan Doyle section.

the jungle Essay examples -- essays research papers

Upton Sinclair was the most famous of the American â€Å"muckraker† journalists. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland on September 20, 1878. Although his family was poor, Sinclair was able to earn money as a writer from a very early age, and was able to save enough money to go to college. He attended the city college of New York and graduated from there with a B.A. degree. Soon after he went to Columbia University to graduate school. It was there that he began writing full-length novels with important social themes. His novels showed that he was concerned with the conditions of working people. During the early part of the twentieth century businesses had very little to restrain them and working class unions were not nearly as common as they are today. Some of the biggest abuses of labor conditions took place in big cities such as New York and Chicago. It was in the meatpacking district of Chicago that Sinclair found the setting of the book that would bring him to fame. He first won recognition by the jungle in 1906. This book is a powerful realistic study of social conditions in the stockyards and packing plants of Chicago. It aided in the passing of pure food laws.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This novel illustrates how greed and ruthless competition has made the turn of the century into a ruthless jungle. â€Å"Take or be Taken† was the guiding rule, and everyone was someone else’s prey. The meatpacking district of Chicago in the early 1900’s is where the novel takes place. The main characters in this book are a Lithuanian immigrant Jurgis Rudkis, a hardworking strong man out to find the American dream, his wife, and his family who is trying to do the same.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After a long journey to America the family arrives in Packingtown, where Jokusbas Szedvilas, a fellow Lithuanian immigrant, introduces them to the filthy stinking part of the city that will now be their home. Jurgis is very eager to get a job and succeeds easily. The family has rented living quarters in the filthy boarding house ran by Anielle Jukniene, but Jurgis and the others want to buy a house. An attractive advertisement brings them to a dishonest house agent. They do buy a house, but are made to sign a deed that they can’t even understand. They find out later it requires them to rent the house for a long time and if they miss even one payment they lose all they have in the ... ...e time. He knew he had to be very graphic and specific to get the message across. His novel was the main reason that congress was pressured into passing the Pure Meat Inspection Act in 1906.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The economical and social issues of the book are told by the tragic stories of the men and women who worked, and died in the stockyards district. They encountered nearly every evil possible. Unable to speak English they were easily exploited and taken advantage of. The workers of the stockyards were paid horribly low wages that weren’t even enough to keep a family going. Every member of the family must work or they would all starve. It seems that no one cared or even knew about this until Upton Sinclair wrote â€Å"The Jungle.† For the people of the stockyards they were living in a great depression, a life of depression.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This book impacted history in a great way. The power of meat inspectors greatly improved, and Americans finally had confidence in the meat that they ate. This book impacted American meat and Americans eating habits more than it did working conditions, which were what I believe Upton Sinclair was really trying to change. the jungle Essay examples -- essays research papers Upton Sinclair was the most famous of the American â€Å"muckraker† journalists. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland on September 20, 1878. Although his family was poor, Sinclair was able to earn money as a writer from a very early age, and was able to save enough money to go to college. He attended the city college of New York and graduated from there with a B.A. degree. Soon after he went to Columbia University to graduate school. It was there that he began writing full-length novels with important social themes. His novels showed that he was concerned with the conditions of working people. During the early part of the twentieth century businesses had very little to restrain them and working class unions were not nearly as common as they are today. Some of the biggest abuses of labor conditions took place in big cities such as New York and Chicago. It was in the meatpacking district of Chicago that Sinclair found the setting of the book that would bring him to fame. He first won recognition by the jungle in 1906. This book is a powerful realistic study of social conditions in the stockyards and packing plants of Chicago. It aided in the passing of pure food laws.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This novel illustrates how greed and ruthless competition has made the turn of the century into a ruthless jungle. â€Å"Take or be Taken† was the guiding rule, and everyone was someone else’s prey. The meatpacking district of Chicago in the early 1900’s is where the novel takes place. The main characters in this book are a Lithuanian immigrant Jurgis Rudkis, a hardworking strong man out to find the American dream, his wife, and his family who is trying to do the same.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After a long journey to America the family arrives in Packingtown, where Jokusbas Szedvilas, a fellow Lithuanian immigrant, introduces them to the filthy stinking part of the city that will now be their home. Jurgis is very eager to get a job and succeeds easily. The family has rented living quarters in the filthy boarding house ran by Anielle Jukniene, but Jurgis and the others want to buy a house. An attractive advertisement brings them to a dishonest house agent. They do buy a house, but are made to sign a deed that they can’t even understand. They find out later it requires them to rent the house for a long time and if they miss even one payment they lose all they have in the ... ...e time. He knew he had to be very graphic and specific to get the message across. His novel was the main reason that congress was pressured into passing the Pure Meat Inspection Act in 1906.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The economical and social issues of the book are told by the tragic stories of the men and women who worked, and died in the stockyards district. They encountered nearly every evil possible. Unable to speak English they were easily exploited and taken advantage of. The workers of the stockyards were paid horribly low wages that weren’t even enough to keep a family going. Every member of the family must work or they would all starve. It seems that no one cared or even knew about this until Upton Sinclair wrote â€Å"The Jungle.† For the people of the stockyards they were living in a great depression, a life of depression.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This book impacted history in a great way. The power of meat inspectors greatly improved, and Americans finally had confidence in the meat that they ate. This book impacted American meat and Americans eating habits more than it did working conditions, which were what I believe Upton Sinclair was really trying to change.

Homosexuality in the Christian Church Essay

Homosexuality is defined as consistent fantasy, interest and arousal toward a person of the same sex. Disagreement exists about the explanation of homosexuality. On the other hand, evidence supports the fact that homosexuality has existed throughout the history of humankind and is not just a development of the 20th century. Early psychoanalytic theory concluded that homosexuality developed from conflicts derived from early developmental disturbances. Investigators more in recent times have explored neuroendocrine explanations as a cause of homosexual development. The results of these studies have been controversial. On the other hand, a lot of experts believe that sexual orientation, whether heterosexual or homosexual, is the consequence of a multifaceted interface flanked by anatomic and hormonal influences during fetal growth. As investigators attempt to reply the question of etiology, others have worked to further define the incidence of homosexuality. Cognitive and communal expansion throughout adolescence is an intricate progression characterized by the acquisition of a sense of self-separate from family, a sexual independence, the capacity for intimacy and the ability to be autonomous. (The Christian Science Monitor) For those young people who grow a homosexual orientation in a society based on heterosexuality, the changeover all the way through adolescence is expanded and expressed to some extent in a different way throughout the stage of acquiring a sexual uniqueness. Interviews with gay and lesbian youth specify a general pattern in which an adolescent accepts his or her own homosexuality. It is the sexual orientation toward people of the same sex. Homosexuality contrasts with heterosexuality, sexual orientation toward people of the opposite sex. People with a sexual orientation toward members of both sexes are called bisexuals. Female homosexuals are often called lesbians. In modern years, the word gay has been applied to both homosexual men and women. Homosexuality appears in almost all societal contexts within unlike community settings, socioeconomic levels, and cultural and dutiful groups. The number of homosexuals in the inhabitants is not easy to find out, and dependable data do not subsist. Nevertheless, current estimates propose that the term homosexual may relate to 2 to 4 percent of men. Estimates for lesbians are lesser. Not all people who slot in homosexual commotion essentially classify themselves as homosexual. (Zgourides, G. ) The move toward greater unity among Protestant denominations has continued in the 21st century; however, within denominations there is still conflict between conservatives and moderates or liberals. One for the most part divisive issue is homosexuality. Denominations debate whether to ordain practicing homosexuals and whether to bar clergy from performing same-sex marriage ceremonies. Some churches condemn all homosexual activity, while others refuse to do so. Consequently, according to the same religious law that many of them use when religiously citing the gay and lesbian community, countless, reputable Christian leaders today, especially within African America, are in a word adulterers. However, you will not readily read of religious leaders publicly denouncing the social and spiritual validity of their fellow divorced clergy who have married more than once, like you will their `cry loud and spare not’ public cries relating to gay and lesbians desiring the equal choice and right to marry only once. There exists no evidence that suggests Jesus ever discussed same-sex anything, publicly or privately, during his ministry. However, Christ, the bedrock of modern-day Christianity, did publicly condemn religious leaders of his age for granting bills of divorcement. However, wading through all the hype in the media these days one might just conclude the opposite. (Knutson, D. C. ) It is considered an act of unconditional grace to say that the immeasurable, unmerited grace available from God stops only at the sin of adultery. Does God’s amazing grace cover only those sins of Old Testament law that are socially comfortable by today’s standards? Let me put it another way: Is divorce (absent of unfaithfulness) a sin? Many Christians might respond, and there is plenty of scripture to back that up. Then will God consider the bed of that remarried person defiled? Most would probably respond, No, absolutely not, because of the New Testament law of grace, and there is plenty of scripture to support this. Christian churches historically have discriminated, excluded, and persecuted homosexuals on the basis of their sexuality. The emergence of new social attitudes and modernization has contributed to the easing of such taboos. However, the role of the church to defend minorities has led to serious conflicts between the gay community and the church’s prohibition of homosexuality. Within the Christian churches, homosexually oriented people have been excluded, marginalized and persecuted in the great majority of cases. The relatively few exceptions, which are known, are seldom taken into account. John Boswell, from whom the most important studies in this area have come, has found examples of liturgical forms for the union of same-sex partners from the churches of Asia Minor. Nevertheless, it must be said in general that in societies, which have morally proscribed homosexual relations, treated them as taboo or legally forbidden them, the sexual ethic upheld by the churches has not represented a divergent position. (Bauserman, R. ) New reflection by the churches in this area began only under the influence of a shift in social attitudes towards sexuality. The processes of modernization and secularization were accompanied by a removal of sexuality from the realm of taboo and a new respect for the private sphere. Furthermore, since the end of the 19th century modern sexual research has brought new insights into how the sexual identity of persons is formed. In addition, constitutional provisions guaranteeing the rule of law have made it possible for the first time for homosexual people to organize and struggle publicly for the abolition of discriminatory laws and regulations. For the most part the churches have supported the decriminalization of homosexuality only hesitantly. Nor was this new orientation primarily the consequence of new biblical insights or spiritual experiences; rather, the reconsideration was touched off by other factors. In the first place, personal encounter with gay or lesbian people, once they no longer had to conceal themselves but could begin to speak for themselves, was certainly important. As a rule, living alongside homosexual persons on the job, in the neighborhood, within the circle of friends or relatives leads to a reconsideration of traditional social or individual prejudices. A second factor was the exposure of individuals or groups in a good number of churches and congregations to the investigations and findings of modern empirical research on sexuality. However, this research is academically institutionalized (usually in connection with faculties of medicine) in only a few countries; and church declarations on sexual ethics draw explicitly on scientific sexological research only rarely and usually in passing. Finally, it should be noted that quite a few churches have accepted the decriminalization of homosexuality and the principle of non-discrimination against people because of sexual orientation through decisions by their competent governing bodies without however immediately reconsidering their own moral convictions and reservations on the issue. Churches time and again have a great deal of freedom for autonomous structuring of their ordinances and especially their offices. They should work at abolishing any remaining discrimination because of individual sexual orientation in the right to hold office and accept homosexual persons as office-bearers of course, as in the case of all office-bearers, according to the measure of their suitability for the growth of the community. (Boswell, J)

How Do People and Themes, Change Throughout the Course of the Story

‘The Darkness Out There’ by Penelope Lively Jordan Roberts How do people and themes, change throughout the course of the story? ‘The Darkness Out There’ combines the author’s narration with the thoughts and feelings of Sandra, a girl belonging to the ‘Good Neighbours Club’. She goes to help out an old lady, Mrs. Rutter, with the help of a boy called Kerry. Mrs. Rutter lives in the countryside; next to a wood called Packers End, feared by Sandra because of its supposed supernatural qualities. Mrs. Rutter has a secret, that when told, horrifies the children.This sub story is of the German she found and left to die back when she was a girl in the war. Penelope Lively develops Mrs. Rutters character in many ways, with clues early on to her true self. Sandra’s views on the characters change by the end, as well as her whole out look of life as a result. There are several themes within this short story this paragraph, deals firstly with t he theme of darkness, and light it covers the darkness around us In Packer's End â€Å"It was a rank place, all whippy saplings and brambles and a gully with a dumped mattress and a bedstead and an old fridge.And, somewhere, presumably, the crumbling rusty scraps of metal and cloth and †¦. bones? † This evokes a sense of desolation a hostile haunted kind of place, somewhere you don't really want to be, nasty things could happen, this sets the mood of the woods also this was set in the past and the present, at one point the writer graphically describes the trees when the German plane went down, â€Å"The branch shapes to look like faces and clawed hands† and â€Å"You couldn't quite see into, the clotted shifting depths of the place. This makes you kind of hold your breath in anticipation wondering what will happen there, you know it is horrible from the descriptive words used. It also tells you of the girl that was possibly sexually assaulted by a knife wielding men so you know now it is definitely are not the place for a young girl to be. The other aspect of Darkness covered in this story is the darkness of badness, evil, human wickedness, vengeance which is never a pretty thing.The dark blot on Mrs Rutter's soul for leaving that poor man to die, obviously drawn out over several days so no doubt a painful, lonely death and he was a mere boy really barely reaching manhood about 20 yrs. old, but she saw it as ok, she â€Å"Licked her lips† she enjoyed the redemption as she signified these injured German pilots as those who in fact killed her own husband.Another key theme is the supernatural, and the mysterious ‘Packers End’ which is often conveyed as the so called ‘Darkness out there’ as her fears change throughout the story. She fears â€Å"German Ghosts† who are said to in fact haunt ‘Packers End’. But lively changes Sandra’s fears almost in correlation as We, the reader see her g row up. As the story starts she fears ‘German Ghosts’ but as the story develops she then fears a ‘knife wielding rapist’ and this shows the fears of a girl and the fears of then the fears of a woman.Furthermore, a key theme throughout the story is growing up as we see Sandra and Kerry realising the changes there body is going through as Sandra â€Å"her breast popping out her shirt† shows the stages of puberty her body is going through as her character becomes more developed mentally so does she physically as she begins to notice the changes happening with her body. Kerry is the same describing his chin â€Å"covered in acne† Her opinion of Kerry changes as lively further develops his character as Sandra does not really know Kerry, but she shares her friends' opinion of him, â€Å"Kerry Stevens that none of her lot reckoned much on†.But at the end of the story she changes her mind. Kerry seems a bit of a stereotype because he works part -time in a garage, and will have a full-time job there when he leaves school. He identifies Sandra's dad by the make and colour of his car. But however lively suggests clues that suggest Kerry is not as Sandra sees him, for example, he is ready to spend his free time helping old people, and he asks Mrs. Rutter what she wants them to do, then gets on with it steadily. At the end of the story however it is Kerry who takes the initiative, and passes judgement on Mrs. Rutter. In Sandra's eyes he had grown; he had got older and larger†¦ † Which furthers the point that Sandra had in fact misjudged, Kerry but this furthermore foreshadows him growing up through the course of the story. Another key point of the story is when he offers her a piece of the Aero bar before he has some himself a subtle message, of which foreshadows the end of the story showing his unselfish nature. One of the ways Mrs. Rutter’s character is portrayed by Penelope Lively is through her environment , both historically and geographically. The house is introduced sending out two different messages. One is that of a quaint homely place.This can be recognized through the descriptions of the china ornaments, â€Å"big-eyed flop-eared rabbits and beribboned kittens and flowery milkmaids and a pair of naked chubby children wearing daisy chains†. Firstly, this gives the impression of a cuddly ‘grandmother’ figure, but then the picture is broken with the mention of the â€Å"smell of cabbage†. This comment conflicts with the otherwise friendly scene to suggest something is not rite. The house reflects Mrs. Rutter’s character. An example of this is â€Å"her eyes investigated quick as mice†. Later, the house mirrors this comment by the author describing that it â€Å"smelt of damp and mouse†.Animals and flowers are frequently mentioned in the description of the ornaments and her love of plants, â€Å"You should see the wood in spring, wit h all the bluebells†. This constant reference to nature implies there is a link with Mrs. Rutter, for nature is changeable and not always as it seems. There is also evidence to suggest she is an old lady whose mind is still stuck in the past, such as her collection of â€Å"old calendars and pictures torn from magazines†. This could later explain why her memory of the German plane and dying soldier is still vivid as ever. The effect of what Mrs.Rutter says and does also reveals sides of her character. She welcomes Kerry and Sandra into her house. But rite at the beginning there is a contrast in description, â€Å"a creamy smiling pool of a face in which her eyes snapped and darted† sounds friendly and comforting but subliminally uneasy and then later sinister as her character becomes more developed. She’s a very judgmental woman. She sends the boy straight away outside to do the manual work and leaves Sandra the light chores indoors. She makes conversation with the girl, but not with Kerry, thinking he’ll have nothing interesting to say.This is because she doesn’t think much of his ambitions, smiling falsely while he tells her that he wants to work as a car mechanic. She insults him, â€Å"well, I expect that’s good steady money if you’d nothing special in mind. Sugar? † then moves on quickly to a gesture of hospitality, trying to conceal the jibe aimed at Kerry. This is also a key theme throughout the story the ideal of certain roles and pre-conceived stereotypes of what a man or woman should be, Mrs. Rutter upholds very traditional stereotypes. She’s patronizing too, with comments like â€Å"You’re a little dress maker, too,† and â€Å"Chocky? She asks Sandra to offer Kerry a chocolate too, but has already forgotten his name â€Å"Take them out and see if what’s-‘s-name would like one? † showing his insignificance in her mind. One reason why she does this may be because she has no children of her own, so she goes on stereotypical ideas. She also makes the reader feel uneasy, â€Å"Mind your pretty skirt, pull it up a bit, there’s only me to see if you’re showing a bit of bum. † This provokes the thought that she has a slightly warped mind. She starts to tell Sandra about her husband who was killed in the war. He died rite at the beginning, and she hasn’t formed any relationships since.This can make the reader feel a little bit sympathetic towards her. Penelope Lively lets us know what others think of Mrs. Rutter as Kerry builds a profile on her character when he talks with Sandra. He shows his dislike of the woman, â€Å"I don’t go much on her† and â€Å"I dunno. The way she talks and that. † Sandra encourages him to feel sorry for her by telling him of her tragedy, but he explains that â€Å"There’s lots of people done that† dismissing the excuse for her peculiar and dis turbing behavior by implying that she wasn’t the only one to loose somebody in the war.The way Mrs. Rutter always watches Sandra and â€Å"glinting from the cushions† gives an uneasy feel towards her. When Kerry returns inside Mrs. Rutter begins her anecdote. He asks if she saw the plane come down and she chuckles, seeming to delight in the idea. She explains how her and her sister went to investigate the scene and was only going to get help if it was an allied plane. This alarms Kerry. Her twisted side becomes more apparent when she says; â€Å"We cheered, I can tell you† as they realized it was German. Sandra is alarmed and quips how awful it was, but Mrs.Rutter, who disregards her discomfort, abruptly interrupts her she is so involved in telling the story. She tries to soften what she is saying by ‘sugaring the pill’, for example friendly additives such as â€Å"my duck† to unsettling sentences. She refers to the injured man in the broken plane as â€Å"that site†. She mentions nothing about the man himself but just remarks how â€Å"it wasn’t a pretty site†. She is unmoved when the German was crying â€Å"mutter, mutter†. This shows she is a cold, heartless woman. She recollects easily how she left the man in pain because it was raining.This shows she has no feeling of mutual human kindness and doesn’t feel obliged to help. Again, she is not bothered with the fact he is in his late teens. Which shows her becoming more and more distant from her ‘grandmother’ stereotype, showing how lively makes the reader question the fact that not all as it in fact seems. Mrs. Rutter is bitter and resentful because of the death of her husband. She delights in the German's death, â€Å"I thought, oh no, you had this coming to you, mate, there’s a war on. † She seems surprised when Kerry and Sandra suddenly get up to leave, disgusted with her tale.She has no remorse and doe sn’t realize there was anything wrong with what she did, her conscience still not activated all these years later. Rite from the beginning there had been implicit clues to her nasty inner character, not just from the story she told which revealed it explicitly towards the end. Penelope Lively through other means, like metaphors, reveals the character. Like her body, her personality is not clear-cut. The author suggests this when she explains â€Å"she seemed composed of circles†. Introduced as â€Å"a cottage loaf of a woman†, gives the misleading impression of a warm, traditional, safe, chunky, old woman.But following this is in fact another metaphor, â€Å"with a face below which chins collapsed one into another,† implicitly meaning she had different guises, was false and two- faced. Someone not to be trusted. On balance, it seems that Mrs. Rutter was a twisted old lady, unable to let go of the bitterness she acquired from her husband’s killing a nd sick because of the fact she relished in the idea of the young German soldier left to die. Her historical background, the fact she lived through the horrors of war is no excuse.She believes herself to be an innocent old lady; blind to her own faults and separated from the outside world. Penelope Lively used various characterization techniques to skilfully convey the character of Mrs. Rutter well. Also by the end of the novel, Mrs. Rutter’s character development changes almost full circle as she is converted from an â€Å"old popper† to what Kerry calls her â€Å"a bitch†. This is used by lively to convey the ideal that not all things are as they seem. And it is not in fact ‘the darkness out there’ but in fact the darkness within people, and as we reveal more and more of Mrs.Rutter’s character we can clearly see a warped women, who left someone to die, with no element of remorse what so ever. In conclusion, a reason why the original thought s of Mrs. Rutter were so misleading was because Sandra didn’t realize her disguise. ‘The Darkness Out There’ was a collaboration of 1st and 3rd person text. Unless the audience was very analytical and close readers, they would generally go along with what Sandra was thinking, they wouldn’t know any better. When Mrs. Rutter is exposed by her evil characteristics the audience learns and was guilty with Sandra.They make the same mistakes of stereotyping as her. As a result, they are more emotionally involved and affected by the moral ending message. The themes and people almost change completely as the fears of Sandra develop from ‘ghosts’ to in fact the darkest part of people’s souls. Sandra becomes forced to question everything she believes in like Kerry a pre-conceived nobody in her eyes but is in fact a good person who offers her chocolate before in fact himself showing an unselfish nature. The title is of course used to question are i nnermost fears the darkness is in fact closer than it may seem.

How To Use the Preterite and Imperfect Tenses of Ser

How To Use the Preterite and Imperfect Tenses of Ser Spanish has at least two common ways of translating simple phrases such as it was using a form of the verb ser - era and fue - but it isnt always easy to know which one to use. Uses for the Two Past Tenses of Ser  Overlap The two forms represent different past tenses, era for the imperfect and fue for the preterite. Corresponding forms also exist for subjects other than it - you could say either eramos and fuimos for we were, for example. Conceptually, the differences between the two past tenses are fairly easy to grasp: the imperfect tense generally refers to actions that occurred numerous times and/or didnt have a definite end, while the preterite typically refers to actions that took place or at least ended at a definite time. However, for the English speaker, applying those concepts to the past tenses of ser can be problematic, partly because it seems in practice that native speakers commonly use the imperfect for states of being that had a definite end, while an application of the rule above might suggest use of the preterite. Similarly, it would seem logical to say, for example, era mi hija for she was my daughter, because presumably once a daughter always a daughter, but in fact fue mi hija also is heard. Similarly, it isnt hard to come up with sentences structured and translated similarly where one of the verb forms is preferred over the other. Here are two such pairs:  ¿Cà ³mo fue tu clase? (How was your class? The preterite tense is preferred here.) ¿Cà ³mo era tu juventud? (How was your childhood? The imperfect tense is preferred.) ¿Cà ³mo fue el partido? (How was the game? Preterite.) ¿Cà ³mo era la ciudad antes? (How was the city before? Imperfect.) Which Tense of Ser Is Preferred? It is difficult to formulate an exact rule for which tense of ser is preferred. But it may be helpful to think of the imperfect (such as era and eran) being used primarily when talking about inherent characteristics and to think of the preterite (such as fue and fueron) to refer to events in the broadest sense of the word. You can see this distinction in this recent list of top Web search results for era:  ¿Einstein era malo en matemticas? (Was Einstein bad in mathematics?)Si ayer era malo ... (If yesterday was bad ...) ¿Quien dijo que la marihuana era malo? (Who said marijuana was bad?)No sabà ­a que yo era capaz. (I didnt know I was capable.) ¿Era malo Hitler en realidad? (Was Hitler actually bad?) In all these sentences, it might be said that era is used to refer to the basic nature of persons or things, even if they had a definite end. Note the differences from the following: El semestre pasado fue malo. (The past semester was bad.)Tu amor fue malo. (Your love was bad.)El paisaje de amenazas digitales fue malo durante el aà ±o pasado. (The cyberthreat scene was bad during the past year.)Esos ​negocios fueron malos  para Grecia. (Those businesses were bad for Greece.)Al final Chiquidrcula no fue malo para Panam. (In the end Chiquidrcula wasnt bad for Panama.) These sentences also refer to the nature of of things, but the things can all be thought of as a type of event. The love of the second sentence and the businesses in the fourth were  decidedly temporary, for example, and the other sentence subjects can be thought of events in a more traditional sense. The use of the preterite also is more common when it is followed by a past participle: El concierto fue pospuesto. (The concert was postponed.)El goleador brasileà ±o fue detenido con marihuana y crack. (The Brazilian goalie was arrested with marijuana and crack.)Los animales fueron acostumbrados al ambiente de laboratorio. (The animals were accustomed to the laboratory environment.)   Unfortunately, this guide is far from foolproof. Ayer era malo and ayer fue malo can both be used for yesterday was bad. And even though the postponing of a concert might be seen as something that requires the preterite, youll sometimes here statements such as el concierto era pospuesto. Also,  native speakers seem to show little preference between era difà ­cil de explicar and fue difà ­cil de explicar, both of which translate to It was difficult to explain. Ultimately, as you learn Spanish and hear it used by native speakers, youll get a clearer idea of which verb form sounds more natural.

Organic Chemistry Hydrocarbon Nomenclature Prefixes

Organic Chemistry Hydrocarbon Nomenclature Prefixes The purpose of organic chemistry nomenclature is to indicate how many carbon atoms are in a chain, how the atoms are bonded together, and the identity and location of any functional groups in the molecule. The root names of hydrocarbon molecules are based on whether they form a chain or ring. A prefix to the name comes before the molecule. The prefix of the molecules name is based on the  number of carbon atoms. For example, a chain of six carbon atoms would be named using the prefix hex-. The suffix to the name is an ending that is applied that describes the types of chemical bonds in the molecule. An IUPAC name also includes the names of substituent groups (aside from hydrogen) that make up the molecular structure. Hydrocarbon Suffixes The suffix or ending of the name of a hydrocarbon depends on the nature of the chemical bonds between the carbon atoms. The suffix is -ane if all of the carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds (formula CnH2n2), -ene if at least one carbon-carbon bond is a double bond (formula CnH2n), and -yne if there is at least one carbon-carbon triple bond (formula CnH2n-2). There are other important organic suffixes: -ol means the molecule is alcohol or contains the -C-OH functional group-al means the molecule is an aldehyde or contains the OC-H functional group-amine means the molecule is an amine with the -C-NH2 functional group-ic acid indicates a carboxylic acid, which has the OC-OH functional group-ether indicates an ether, which has the -C-O-C- functional group-ate is an ester, which has the OC-O-C functional group-one is a ketone, which has the -CO functional group Hydrocarbon Prefixes This table lists the organic chemistry prefixes up to 20 carbons in a simple hydrocarbon chain. It would be a good idea to commit this table to memory early in your organic chemistry studies. Organic Chemistry Prefixes Prefix Number ofCarbon atoms Formula meth- 1 C eth- 2 C2 prop- 3 C3 but- 4 C4 pent- 5 C5 hex- 6 C6 hept- 7 C7 oct- 8 C8 non- 9 C9 dec- 10 C10 undec- 11 C11 dodec- 12 C12 tridec- 13 C13 tetradec- 14 C14 pentadec- 15 C15 hexadec- 16 C16 heptadec- 17 C17 octadec- 18 C18 nonadec- 19 C19 eicosan- 20 C20 Halogen substituents are also indicated using prefixes, such as fluoro (F-), chloro (Cl-), bromo (Br-), and iodo (I-).  Numbers are used to identify the position of the substituent. For example,  (CH3)2CHCH2CH2Br is named 1-bromo-3-methylbutane. Common Names Be aware, hydrocarbons found as rings (aromatic hydrocarbons) are named somewhat differently. For example, C6H6 is named benzene. Because it contains carbon-carbon double bonds, the -ene suffix is present. However, the prefix actually comes from the word gum benzoin, which as an aromatic resin used since the 15th century. When the hydrocarbons are substituents, there are several common names you may encounter: amyl: substituent with 5 carbonsvaleryl: substituent with 6 carbonslauryl: substituent with 12 carbonsmyristyl: substituent with 14 carbonscetyl or palmityl: substituent with 16 carbonsstearyl: substituent with 18 carbonsphenyl: common name for a hydrocarbon with benzene as a substituent

Social Media In a business environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Social Media In a business environment - Essay Example The report is based on the study of the importance of social media and social networking in the retail business sector. A thorough research of various literatures has been done to understand the importance of social media and social networking for the improvement of the business sectors. It has also been analysed that how the adoption of social media in a retail enterprise can transform the interaction procedure between the organisation and their stakeholders. The five steps of the social media success have been thoroughly followed to introduce new social media strategies for a retail enterprise. These steps include the analysis of the existing social media and social media trinity, integration of all the possible strategies, identification of resources and metrics implementation (Safko, 2010). This analysis is further focused on generating valuable strategies which will assist a retail enterprise to implement the successful usage of social media and network in their business develop ment. It has described that how the incorporation of social media and network in business operation will support and enhance its internal as well as external communications and knowledge management. On the other hand the report has also indicated the obstacles and issues related to the adoption of social media in the business enterprise. The company which has been discussed in this study is a local enterprise. It has a total of 45 retail outlets which mainly deals in apparel and accessories. The organisation also has their website to sell their product but it is not very profit making. The organisation is introducing the kid garment segment in its 20 retail centres. Since last two years the organisation is facing a huge competition in the market. The retail industry is growing to be one of the largest sectors in the global market. There are a huge number of established